Ácidos grasos poliinsaturados en la reproducción de peces: algunos aspectos fisiológicos y endocrinológicos

Polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish reproduction: some Physiological and endocrinological aspects

Contenido principal del artículo

Jonny A. Yepes-Blandón
Mónica Botero-Aguirre

Resumen

La FAO, 2012 y 2014 plantea la importancia de la reproducción en la piscicultura. El incremento de la producción mundial de peces se debe a la intensificación de los sistemas de cultivo, lo que significa producir grandes cantidades de alevinos para crecimiento y ceba (Orozco, 2012). En la última década, se ha investigado la influencia de la nutrición en la reproducción, muchos autores plantean que, nutrientes como los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (AGPI), afectan la reproducción (Tocher, 2010, Turchini et al., 2011). Varios estudios se han centrado en el establecimiento de los requerimientos nutricionales para el éxito reproductivo, sin embargo, sobre AGPI, es poco lo que se ha logrado determinar (Pohlenz et al., 2014). Lo anterior, ha obligado a realizar estudios con herramientas ómicas (Rodrígues et al., 2012), que integren la información ambiental y la genética en el cerebro de los peces para la transducción en señales neuronales a través de mecanismos bioquímicos y fisiológicos, capaces de modular la secreción hormonal implicada en el proceso reproductivo de los peces (Wing-Keong y Wang, 2011; Norambuena et al., 2012). Estos procesos bioquímicos en peces requieren ser dilucidados para mejorar los sistemas de cultivo, aumentar los niveles de producción, satisfacer la demanda y lograr avances impactantes en el campo del conocimiento científico.

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