Alimentos alternativos en combinación con suplementación enzimática para mejorar la eficiencia y sostenibilidad de la producción porcina y avícola
Alternative feedstuffs in combination with enzyme supplementation to improve efficiency and sustainability of swine and poultry production
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Para el año 2050, la población mundial alcanzará los 9100 millones de personas, 15 por ciento más que en 2021 (FAO, 2009). Para alimentar a esta población, la producción anual de cereales y carne deberá aumentar 7 y 40%, respectivamente, por encima de los niveles de producción actuales. Por lo tanto, la producción de alimentos para humanos y animales debe optimizar las prácticas sostenibles para garantizar que se satisfagan las demandas de cereales y carne, y al mismo preservar los recursos naturales y ambientales. A medida que aumenta la demanda de alimentos para los seres humanos, los animales de producción que consumen cereales, incluidos el maíz, el trigo y la soya, son reconocidos como competidores potenciales para el suministro y la seguridad alimentaria de los seres humanos (Muscat et al., 2020). En este contexto, las estrategias de alimentación que incorporan alimentos alternativos en las dietas de los animales de producción, como los coproductos de cultivos agroindustriales, reducirán la competencia por los ingredientes de la alimentación humana y contribuirán a la producción de carne animal sostenible. Además, la incorporación de ingredientes alternativos en las dietas del ganado puede reducir los costos de alimentación y aumentar la rentabilidad, particularmente en las industrias porcina y avícola, donde los costos de alimentación representan entre 60 y 70% del costo total de producción (Woyengo et al., 2014).
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