PERIFITON Y SUS APLICACIONES EN LA ACUICULTURA
PERIPHYTON AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN AQUACULTURE
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El perifiton es una comunidad de microrganismos que cumple una importante función en los ecosistemas acuáticos relacionada con el ciclo de nutrientes y producción primaria, características empleadas para el tratamiento de aguas residuales, siendo aprovechada la biomasa producida como biofertilizante o biocombustible. En el presente artículo se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de las aplicaciones que ha tenido esta comunidad de microorganismos en la acuicultura. Las primeras investigaciones en este campo se relacionaron con la inclusión de sustratos en tanques de producción acuícola de camarones y peces, donde la comunidad, mediante adición y/o captación de nutrientes generados, produce bioamasa que se usa como alimento. La introducción de sustratos en sistemas biofloc es un campo que se ha investigado en los últimos años, el cual reporta resultados prometedores en la producción de camarones, pero que requiere mayor investigación, especialmente en la producción piscícola. Tecnologías basadas en biofiltros perifiticos han demostrado porcentajes de retención cercanas al 100% de compuestos nitrogenados, donde la biomasa producida también es usada como alimento para las diferentes especies de cultivo. El perifiton también constituye una herramienta en el monitoreo de los efectos que tiene la industria sobre los ecosistemas acuáticos naturales. Por último, las ómicas son una herramienta que permitiría explorar las complejas relaciones entre las comunidades microbianas y sus efectos sobre los animales cultivados y la calidad de agua, que aún ha sido poco explorada.
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