Desempeño productivo y fisiológico de juveniles de Piaractus brachypomus sometidos a restricción de alimento

Productive and Physiological Performance of Juveniles of Piaractus brachypomus Subjected to Food Restriction

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Miguel A. Landines-Parra

Resumen

Se utilizaron 177 juveniles de Piaractus brachypomus, mantenidos durante 84 días en dos estanques asignados a dos tratamientos de alimentación: T1: diaria y T2: un día sí y un día no. Se realizaron colectas de sangre los días 1, 28, 42, 56, 70 y 84 de 7 animales por tratamiento para determinación de hematocrito, hemoglobina, proteína, glucosa, lactato, triglicéridos, colesterol, cortisol e insulina. Los animales fueron pesados, medidos y sacrificados para cálculo de índices hepatosomático (IHS), viscerosomático (IVS) y grasa visceral (IGV); al final del ensayo a los animales muestreados se les realizó análisis proximal y de energía en filete. El hematocrito presentó diferencias significativas entre tratamientos los días 56 y 84, siendo superior en T1 el día 56 e inferior el día 84. Excepto los días 1 y 42, en los que la hemoglobina fue superior en T1, no hubo diferencias significativas entre tratamientos. Para glucosa, insulina y lactato hubo diferencias significativas el día 28: las dos primeras fueron superiores en T1, mientras que el lactato lo fue en T2. La proteína aumentó significativamente en T1 el día 42, nivel que se mantuvo el día 56, disminuyendo el día 70 y manteniéndose así hasta el día 84. Para triglicéridos, colesterol y cortisol no hubo diferencias significativas entre tratamientos en ninguna de las colectas. Además, se presentaron diferencias significativas en peso los días 42 y 70, y en longitud el día 42, no existiendo diferencias entre tratamientos al final del ensayo. Para IHS e IVS hubo diferencias significativas el día 84, siendo superiores en T1, sin diferencias para IGV. La sobrevivencia fue 100% en ambos tratamientos. El análisis proximal y la energía del filete no presentaron diferencias entre tratamientos. Se concluye que la restricción alimenticia del 50% en el esquema alternado utilizado, no afectó la condición fisiológica de los animales, pues no se evidenció ningún daño metabólico importante, ni cambios en la composición del producto final.

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