¿Qué sabemos de los esteroides sexuales y las gonadotropinas en la reproducción de teleósteos neotropicales?

Mónica T. Nieto-Vera; José A. Rodríguez-Pulido; Agustín Góngora-Orjuela

doi:10.22579/20112629.601

Cómo citar

Nieto-Vera, M. T., Rodríguez-Pulido, J. A., & Góngora-Orjuela, A. (2020). ¿Qué sabemos de los esteroides sexuales y las gonadotropinas en la reproducción de teleósteos neotropicales?. Orinoquia, 24(1), 52–63. https://doi.org/10.22579/20112629.601

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Publicado: Jun 16, 2020

https://doi.org/10.22579/20112629.601

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Número

Vol. 24 Núm. 1 (2020)

Sección

Ciencias agrarias

Mónica T. Nieto-Vera

Universidad de los Llanos

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7241-6089

José A. Rodríguez-Pulido

Universidad de los Llanos

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6735-3885

Agustín Góngora-Orjuela

Universidad de los Llanos

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-683X

Resumen

Esta revisión provee un resumen general de las investigaciones realizadas en los últimos 10 años acerca de los esteroides sexuales (17β-Estradiol, Testosterona, 11 Ketotestosterona y 17α, 20β-DHP), las gonadotropinas (Fsh y Lh) y sus principales reguladores (GnRH1-3 y GnIH1-3); y su respectiva función en la modulación de la reproducción. Específicamente sobre el eje Hipotálamo – Pituitaria – Gónada (HPG), en teleósteos modelo y neotropicales (Astyanax altiparanae, Steindachneridion parahybae, Salminus hillarii, Centropomus undecimalis). Mostramos que el papel regulador de éstos continúa siendo tema de discusión, pues varía en función de múltiples características, entre ellas, las estrategiareproductivas de la especie en cuestión y/o las condiciones en las que éstas son mantenidas durante el estudio. Históricamente, se ha descrito que la Fsh actúa en las fases tempranas de la reproducción, estimulando la biosíntesis de estradiol y testosterona necesarios para la gametogénesis; mientras la Lh está implicada en las fases finales del ciclo reproductivo (maduración final de los gametos y desove). Sin embargo, en especies con desarrollo asincrónico y desove múltiple, la Lh se produce durante todo el ciclo en paralelo con la Fsh, sugiriendo la necesidad de ambas hormonas en la gametogénesis y maduración final. Adicionalmente, investigaciones recientes en especies con comportamiento migratorio reproductivo, han evidenciado una disminución significativa en la expresión del ARNm de la subunidad β de Lh (lhb) cuando los individuos son mantenidos en cautiverio, lo que podría ocasionar alguna disfunción reproductiva bajo los actuales sistemas de cultivo, considerado hoy el gran problema de la acuicultura contemporánea. Desafortunadamente, los estudios de estos tópicos en especies suramericanas son aún incipientes, por lo que se hace necesario centrar las investigaciones hacia el esclarecimiento del control neuroendocrino de la reproducción en especies nativas, más aún cuando estas especies son mantenidas en cautiverio.

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Palabras clave:

Gonadotropin

sex steroid

gonadal maturation

fish reproduction

Gonadotropinas

esteroides sexuales

maduración gonadal

reproducción en peces

Gonadotrofinas

esteroides sexuais

maturação gonadal

reprodução em peixes

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