Inclusión de harina de biofloc en dietas para acuicultura: una revisión
Inclusion of biofloc meal in aquaculture diets: a review
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El impacto ambiental que ha generado la industria acuícola se encuentra relacionado con la contaminación del agua producto de la excreción de los organismos cultivados, alimentos no consumidos, heces, nutrientes, compuestos orgánicos e inorgánicos, condiciones relacionadas directamente con el tipo de cultivo, tradicionalmente los sistemas de estanques en tierra. Por otra parte, la industria enfrenta una dificultad relacionada con la necesidad de alimentos de calidad. El sistema de cultivo biofloc (TBF) se considera una alternativa sostenible y amigable con el medio ambiente, ya que requiere un recambio mínimo de agua y los nutrientes son reciclados por los microrganismos que allí habitan. Este sistema genera una alta acumulación de biomasa microbiana que debe ser removida, esta ha sido materia de investigación como un ingrediente alternativo en la industria ya que se ha demostrado sus considerables proporciones de proteína bruta y lípidos. La harina de biofloc se ha propuesto como una fuente alternativa de proteína para reemplazar la harina y el aceite de pescado tradicionales, la harina de soya, entre otros. Esta revisión brinda información sobre el conocimiento actual de los componentes nutricionales, métodos de obtención, inclusión en la dieta de los organismos acuáticos, su aplicación en la economía circular y una perspectiva sobre su uso en las dietas de las especies nativas.
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