Antioxidantes en la crioconservación de semen de peces: una revisión con énfasis en especies de agua dulce de Sur América
Antioxidants in the cryopreservation of fish semen: a review with emphasis on freshwater species from south America
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El rápido crecimiento de la población mundial ha conducido a una sobreexplotación de los recursos naturales y, los recursos hídricos no son la excepción; afectando las poblaciones de peces en todo el mundo. Además, la poca variabilidad en las especies de interés comercial y los pocos avances en el desarrollo de paquetes tecnológicos y productivos conllevan a que esta problemática se acentúe. La crioconservación seminal es una técnica que permite el resguardo del material genético durante tiempo indefinido, permitiendo su disponibilidad constante. Sin embargo, puede causar algunos efectos negativos sobre la integridad celular y sus funciones. Dentro de esto, la formación de cristales de hielo, el estrés osmótico y con gran relevancia el estrés oxidativo son los de mayor incidencia. De acuerdo a lo anterior, el uso de sustancias con capacidad de reducir los efectos del estrés oxidativo como lo son los antioxidantes pueden constituirse como una alternativa de mejora de estos procesos conllevando a la estandarización de protocolos mejorados para su aplicación en bancos de germoplasma. El objetivo de esta revisión es hacer una breve descripción de la crioconservación seminal como biotecnología reproductiva, sus usos e implicaciones y de algunos de los trabajos desarrollados en especies nativas de Sur América con el uso de sustancias antioxidantes.
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